OVERVIEW OF SYSTEMS OF GOVERNANCE

2Republics outlines the political institutions, laws, and governance of both republics.

History of the United States and Indian Constitution

The U.S. and Indian Constitution have some key similarities. The U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1788 serving as the supreme law, establishing the country as a constitutional republic. It expands on the three branches of government, and The Bill of Rights which guarantees freedom to all individuals in the United States.

The Constitution of India was ratified in 1950, also serving as the supreme law. It established India as a Sovereign Parliamentary Republic. The Constitution outlines the duties of the President, Prime Minister, Parliament, and the independent judiciary system.

Overview of Government in Republic of India

The Republic of India is a Federal Parliamentary Democratic Republic with its Constitution formed on January 26, 1950 with three branches of Government.

Executive Branch

The Executive Branch of India is headed by the President who serves as the ceremonial Head of State. The Prime Minister serves as the Head of Government who appoints a Council of Ministers tasked with executing the laws and policies of the nation.

Legislative Branch

The Legislative Branch of India consists of a Bicameral Parliament consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha represents the citizens of India through a direct election and the Rajya Sabha represents States and Union Territories. Together, they enact and introduce laws, oversee budgets, and provide assistance to the Executive Branch.

Judicial Branch

The Judicial Branch of India serves as an independent entity that interprets and safeguard the Constitution of India. It consists of the Supreme Court at the highest level with many high courts at state and subordinate courts at the local level.

Overview of Government in The United States of America

The United States of America is a Federal Constitutional Republic ratified in 1788 with three branches of Government.

Executive Branch

The Executive Branch of the USA is led by The President who serves as the Head of State and Government. The Vice President serves as second-in command, and The Cabinet serves as the advisory body to The President. Together the Executive Branch is responsible for executive laws from legislations and overseeing the nation.

Legislative Branch

The Legislative Branch of the USA is composed of a Bicameral Congress with the Senate and the House of Representatives. They are responsible for introducing, debating, and passing legislation. There are 100 Senators total with two representing each of the 50 states.

The members of The House of Representatives are determined by the population of each state.

Judicial Branch

The Judicial Branch of the USA consists of the Supreme Court with 9 members. They are responsible for interpreting and defending the Constitution of The USA. Through their judgements, The Supreme Court balances power between the three branches.

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OVERVIEW OF SYSTEMS OF GOVERNANCE

History of the United States and Indian Constitution